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Climate change, human activity causing global water cycles to become 'increasingly erratic': World Meteorological Organization_我的网站

A |     Climate change and human activity are causing the world's hydrological cycle to spin out of balance, according to a new report from the World Meteorological Organization.Global water cycles are becoming "increasingly erratic" due to droughts, extreme rainfall and the increased melting of snow, ice and glaciers -- all of which are a threat to long-term water security, the 2022 State of Global Water Resources report, released Thursday, found.About 3.6 billion people already face inadequate access to water at least a month per year, according to the United Nations. That number is expected to increase to 5 billion by 2050, officials said.Extreme glacier loss is occurring from the Tibetan Plateau to mountain ranges in the Himalayas, the Alps and the Andes -- all of which threaten the water security for millions of people who live on the rivers supplied by the melting."Glaciers and ice cover are retreating before our eyes," WMO Secretary-General Petteri Tallas said in a statement.In addition, rising temperatures have accelerated, causing the atmosphere to hold more moisture and facilitate more heavy downpour episodes that lead to flooding, Tallas said, adding that the "overwhelming majority" of disasters are water-related.More than 50% of the global catchment areas in large river basins experienced deviations from normal discharge conditions in 2022, according to the report. Most of these areas were drier than normal, but a smaller percentage of basins displayed above or much above normal conditions.Hotter temperatures are also causing more evaporation and much more intense droughts, Tallas said.Throughout 2022, anomalies in soil moisture and evaporation also experienced deviations, according to the report. Places like Europe saw increased evaporation and decreased soil moisture and river flows during the summer due to a major heat wave and drought, which led to challenges in agriculture as well as the shutdown of some hydrological power plants due to lack of cooling water, according to the report.Severe droughts impacted other parts of Europe in Summer 2022, posing transportation challenges on the Danube and Rhine rivers in Germany, and disrupting nuclear power production in France. In the U.S., the navigation on the Mississippi River was affected by extremely low water levels due to the continuous drought occurring in the region.The switch from La Nina in 2022 to El Nino conditions in 2023 will likely also have a major impact on water cycles around the world, the researchers said.The WMO is calling for improved monitoring and data-sharing across borders, as well as an increase in investments to facilitate international collaboration, in order to help society cope with increasing water extremes, whether it be too much or too little. They are also calling for more early warnings, and coordinated water management policy, according to the report.。    邢台不养蚌、不产珍珠，却孕育出年销售2000多万元的珍珠加工产业，每年带动百余名农村妇女增收300多万元。8月17日，记者来到隆尧县北楼乡南汪前村一处农家院，“珍珠小院”的门匾格外醒目，这里便是优塔莉珠宝首饰有限公司的加工基地。院内的三层小楼，被划分成珍珠基础分选、打孔、精选、串珠等功能区，主要加工珍珠项链、耳坠等饰品。公司负责人刘胜波是南汪前村本地人。早年，他在浙江从事珍珠养殖、加工行业，多年来，30多名隆尧籍女工一直跟着他打拼。随着员工陆续成家育儿，常年在外奔波多有不便。

B | “这些员工都是公司宝贵财富，不能老让她们在外漂泊。”刘胜波说。2021年，在当地政府的大力支持下，刘胜波将珍珠加工产业链条迁回家乡。

C | 他们将在浙江等地养殖生产的原料珍珠，经过清洗、初加工后运到隆尧，再进行精深加工生产。现在，公司从几十人发展到百余人，全部吸纳周边村镇农村妇女在家门口就业。在三楼的珍珠精选区，十几名女工正对着灯光专心筛选珍珠。员工张媛手持特制木夹，往珍珠堆里一探，轻轻一拨，目光快速扫过滚动的珠粒，麻利地挑出色泽、形状差异较大的珍珠，放到贴着不同标签的盒子中。精准筛选是珍珠加工的关键一步。珍珠可根据大小、颜色、形状划分为三个等级百余种规格，要从这些直径4至4.5毫米的珍珠中筛选出圆度、光泽一致的珠粒，十分考验从业者的眼力与实操经验。

D | 张媛大专毕业后，曾在省会从事销售工作，收入一直不太稳定。2024年底，她选择返乡，在家门口的“珍珠小院”就业。“每道工序不仅对熟练度有要求，还要具备专业技能。”张媛说，公司提供的带薪培训打消了她的后顾之忧。在这里，张媛系统学习珍珠加工的理论知识，老员工还手把手教她打孔、串珠等技能。入职一年多，张媛的技能等级从初级晋升为中级，工资也涨了1500多元。

E | “再加把劲，冲刺高级技能等级，收入还能再高些。”张媛对未来充满信心。“‘基础工资+技能评定’的薪酬模式激发了员工学技能、练本领的热情。

F | ”刘胜波介绍，他们根据评定的等级给员工发放相应的技能补贴，鼓励员工持续提升手艺。此外，公司还实行弹性工作制，让员工挣钱、顾家两不误。近年来，隆尧县立足乡村发展实际，持续引进、扶持珍珠加工、毛绒玩具、刺绣等轻量化、特色化富民产业，带动上千名农村劳动力在家门口就业，成为推动乡村全面振兴的重要力量。（日报记者 闫德见）。

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Published on:17:11:34